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・ Movement for a United Communist Party of Greece
・ Movement for Active Democracy
・ Movement for All-Macedonian Action
・ Movement for an Equal Public Model
・ Movement for Autonomous Democracy–Party for Moravia and Silesia
・ Movement for Change
・ Movement for Change (disambiguation)
・ Movement for Change and Prosperity
・ Movement for Change in Turkey
・ Movement for Changes
・ Movement for Citizens' Commitment and Awakening
・ Movement for Colonial Freedom
・ Movement for Compassionate Living
・ Movement for Constitutional Freedoms
・ Movement for Defence of the Land
Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights
・ Movement for Democracy
・ Movement for Democracy (Cape Verde)
・ Movement for Democracy (Slovakia)
・ Movement for Democracy and Development
・ Movement for Democracy and Development (Central African Republic)
・ Movement for Democracy and Independence
・ Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad
・ Movement for Democracy and Progress
・ Movement for Democracy and Progress (Comoros)
・ Movement for Democracy and Progress (Republic of the Congo)
・ Movement for Democracy in Algeria
・ Movement for Democracy in Liberia
・ Movement for Democracy, Independence and Social Progress
・ Movement for Democratic Change


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Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights : ウィキペディア英語版
Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights
Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights ((ポーランド語:Ruch Obrony Praw Człowieka i Obywatela), ROPCiO) was a right-wing political and social organization formed in People's Republic of Poland in March 1977. It tried to resist the regime by denouncing it for violating Polish and international laws including the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
== History ==

The declaration, issued and presented to the press on March 26, 1977, was signed by 18 people, among them Andrzej Czuma and gen. Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz (Ret.) It explained that the aims of the ROPCiO were to preserve and defend the civil and human rights. In fact the real aim was: to fight the Communist regime of the Polish United Workers' Party by legal means. The declaration was issued only three days after the Polish parliament had ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. ROPCiO focused on preparation of open letters of protest to the communist government, organizing legal and financial support for the families of political prisoners and providing members of the anti-Communist opposition with brochures explaining their rights. Among such secretly-published books were also so-called ''handbooks to arrest'', that is instructions on how to behave when arrested by the militia or the Urząd Bezpieczeństwa. ROPCiO also organized a net of legal advisors and published several magazines, mostly underground.
On September 16, 1978 a part of ROPCiO members led by Leszek Moczulski left the movement and established the ZINO movement, which later broke down onto the Confederation of Independent Poland, Movement of Young Poland and Movement of Free Democrats. The remainder of ROPCiO gradually melted into the structures of the Solidarity after its forming.

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